Learning Disabilities (LD)

Learning disabilities are neurological differences that affect how the brain processes information. They are not related to intelligence — children with LDs often have average or above-average intelligence but struggle with specific academic skills. The most common types include dyslexia (reading), dyscalculia (math), and dysgraphia (writing).

What this means for your family: Your child is smart — their brain just processes certain types of information differently. With the right support, accommodations, and teaching methods, children with learning disabilities can succeed academically and professionally. Many highly successful people have learning disabilities.

Prevalence: Approximately 1 in 5 children in the U.S. has a learning disability (NCLD).

Key fact: Early identification and intervention are key. The longer a learning disability goes unaddressed, the harder it becomes to close the gap.

• Difficulty reading at grade level (slow reading, trouble sounding out words)
• Trouble with math concepts, number sense, or memorizing math facts
• Messy or illegible handwriting, difficulty organizing thoughts on paper
• Difficulty following multi-step directions
• Trouble with spelling despite studying
• Avoidance of schoolwork or homework battles
• Discrepancy between verbal ability and written performance
• Difficulty with time management and organization

1. Request a comprehensive psychoeducational evaluation from your school district (this is free — put the request in writing)
2. Get a private evaluation if you want a second opinion or faster results
3. Request an IEP or 504 Plan based on evaluation results
4. Explore evidence-based interventions — Orton-Gillingham for dyslexia, multisensory math instruction for dyscalculia
5. Advocate for accommodations — extended time, audiobooks, speech-to-text technology, calculator use
6. Connect with the Learning Disabilities Association of America (ldaamerica.org) for support

• IDEA: Children with learning disabilities qualify for an IEP with specialized instruction
• Section 504: Provides classroom accommodations even without an IEP
• Assistive Technology: Schools must provide technology tools that help your child access the curriculum
• College accommodations: Learning disabilities qualify for accommodations on SAT/ACT and in college
• Vocational Rehabilitation: Job training and support services for adults with LDs