Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)

Sensory Processing Disorder is a condition in which the brain has difficulty receiving and responding to sensory information. Children with SPD may be overly sensitive to stimuli (hypersensitive), under-responsive (hyposensitive), or a combination of both. While not yet recognized as a standalone diagnosis in the DSM-5, SPD is widely acknowledged by occupational therapists and developmental specialists.

What this means for your family: Your child's nervous system processes sensory input differently. Everyday experiences like clothing textures, loud noises, bright lights, or certain foods can feel overwhelming or barely register. This isn't a behavior problem — it's a neurological difference in how their brain interprets the world.

Prevalence: Estimated to affect 5-16% of school-age children (Miller et al., 2009).

Key fact: Occupational therapy with a sensory integration approach is the primary treatment and can make a dramatic difference in daily functioning.

• Extreme reactions to textures (clothing tags, food textures, messy play)
• Covering ears or distress with loud or unexpected sounds
• Difficulty with transitions or changes in routine
• Seeking intense sensory input (spinning, crashing, chewing on objects)
• Poor body awareness — bumping into things, difficulty with personal space
• Meltdowns in busy or overstimulating environments (grocery stores, parties)
• Difficulty with grooming activities (hair brushing, nail cutting, tooth brushing)

1. Get an occupational therapy evaluation — specifically from an OT trained in sensory integration (look for SI certification)
2. Create a sensory diet — a personalized plan of sensory activities throughout the day
3. Modify your home environment — reduce clutter, create a calm-down space, adjust lighting
4. Educate your child's school — request a 504 Plan with sensory accommodations (movement breaks, fidget tools, preferential seating)
5. Keep a sensory journal — track triggers, patterns, and what helps
6. Explore the STAR Institute (sensoryhealth.org) for research-backed resources

• Section 504: Accommodations for sensory needs in the classroom (noise-canceling headphones, movement breaks, alternative seating)
• IEP: If SPD significantly impacts learning, your child may qualify under "Other Health Impairment"
• Insurance coverage: Many insurance plans cover occupational therapy with a physician referral
• Early Intervention: Children under 3 may qualify for OT services through your state's EI program